Oral factorial malodor is mainly composed of volatile sulfur compounds(VSC) such as hydrogen sulfide, methyl mercaptan and dimethyl sulfide. VSC are produced by the proteolytic metabolitic action of some oral bacteria of Gram negative staining rods using food debris, tongue coating materials, dental plaque, desquamated oral epithelium, saliva and gingival crevice fluids. The development of the nonharmful natural antibacterial oral rinsing remedy against the bacteria related to production of oral maloder as a treatment modality to oral malodor is thought to be very important.
The purpose of this study is to obtain the basic data for development of the natural antibacterial oral rinsing remedy using chitosan to oral malodor. Chitosan, a chitin derivative by N-deacetylation, stimulates the ordered regeneration of oral soft tissues, and prevents the harmful action of organic acids, and exhibits bactericidal action against several pathogens.
The author evaluated the effects of chitosan on the growth of oral bacteria of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Capnocytophaga spp which are though to relates, directly or indirectly, to the production of oral maloder in comparison with those of sodium fluoride(NaF) being often used as ingredient of oral cleansing agents.
The obtained results were as follows : Chitosan had minimal inhibitory concentration of 0.5~5mg/ml against A.actinomycetem-comitans KCTC 2581, P.gingivalis ATCC 53978, P.intermedia KCTC 3692, F.nucleatum ATCC 25586, F.nucleatum ATCC 10953, F.nucleatum ATCC 23726, C.gingivalis ATCC 33624, C.ochracea ATCC 27872, C.sputigena ATCC 33612, C.granulosa ATCC 51502. But 10 mg/ml of chitosan was required to C.haemolytica ATCC 51501 strain as minimal inhibitory concentration. Strains of A.actinomyce-temcomitans KCTC 2581, P.gingivalis ATCC 53978, P. intermedia KCTC 3692, F.nucleatum ATCC 25586, F.nucleatum ATCC 10953, F.nucleatum ATCC 23726 were inhibited with dosage-dependent pattern. The rate of growth ingibition was about 70~90% in A.actinomycetemcomotans KCTC 2581, P.gingivalis ATCC 53978, P.intermedia KCTC 3692, F.nucleatum ATCC 25586, F.nucleatum ATCC 10953, F.nucleatum ATCC 23726. But the growth inhibition in Capnocytophaga spp strains was about 85~95% in C.sputigena ATCC 33612, C.granulosa ATCC 51502, C.haemolytica ATCC 51501, and about 30~44% in C.gingivalis ATCC 33624, C.ochracea ATCC 27872. The growth of all tested oral bacteria were effectively inhibited at the concentration of 0.1 mg/ml of chitosan after 120min incubation. While the rate of growth inhibition was 90% in all tested oral bacteria at the concentration of 5 mg/ml of NaF.
These results indicate that the chitosan inhibited effectively the growth of some oral bacteria related to oral malodor compared with NaF, and can be used as a possible major ingredient of the nonharmful natural antibacterial oral rinsing remedy to oral malodor.
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